🧬 Class 11 Biology

Complete chapter-wise notes for Botany and Zoology

Chapter 1: The Living World

Biodiversity, taxonomy, and classification systems.

Key Topics:

  • What is 'Living'?
  • Diversity in the Living World
  • Taxonomic Categories
  • Taxonomical Aids
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Chapter 2: Biological Classification

Five kingdom classification, Monera, Protista, Fungi.

Key Topics:

  • Five Kingdom Classification
  • Kingdom Monera
  • Kingdom Protista
  • Kingdom Fungi, Viruses and Prions
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Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom

Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.

Key Topics:

  • Algae
  • Bryophytes
  • Pteridophytes
  • Gymnosperms
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Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom

Classification of animals from Porifera to Chordata.

Key Topics:

  • Basis of Classification
  • Non-Chordates
  • Chordates
  • Vertebrata
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Chapter 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants

Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, and seed.

Key Topics:

  • The Root, Stem and Leaf
  • The Inflorescence and Flower
  • The Fruit and Seed
  • Semi-technical Description
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Chapter 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Tissues, tissue systems, and secondary growth.

Key Topics:

  • The Tissues
  • The Tissue System
  • Anatomy of Dicot and Monocot Plants
  • Secondary Growth
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Chapter 7: Structural Organisation in Animals

Animal tissues and morphology/anatomy of frog/earthworm.

Key Topics:

  • Animal Tissues
  • Epithelial and Connective Tissues
  • Muscle and Neural Tissues
  • Organ and Organ System
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Chapter 8: Cell: The Unit of Life

Cell theory, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and cell organelles.

Key Topics:

  • Cell Theory
  • Prokaryotic Cells
  • Eukaryotic Cells
  • Cell Organelles
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Chapter 9: Biomolecules

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and enzymes.

Key Topics:

  • Chemical Composition Analysis
  • Primary and Secondary Metabolites
  • Proteins and Nucleic Acids
  • Enzymes
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Chapter 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Mitosis, meiosis, and their significance.

Key Topics:

  • Cell Cycle
  • M Phase (Mitosis)
  • Significance of Mitosis
  • Meiosis and its Significance
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Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Light reaction, dark reaction, C3 and C4 pathways.

Key Topics:

  • Site of Photosynthesis
  • Light Reaction and Electron Transport
  • The Calvin Cycle (C3)
  • The C4 Pathway
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Chapter 12: Respiration in Plants

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport system.

Key Topics:

  • Glycolysis
  • Fermentation
  • Aerobic Respiration (TCA Cycle)
  • Electron Transport System and ATP Synthesis
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Chapter 13: Plant Growth and Development

Phytohormones, photoperiodism, and vernalisation.

Key Topics:

  • Growth Rates
  • Differentiation and Development
  • Plant Growth Regulators (Auxins, Gibberellins)
  • Photoperiodism
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Chapter 14: Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Respiratory system, mechanism of breathing, and gas transport.

Key Topics:

  • Respiratory Organs
  • Mechanism of Breathing
  • Exchange and Transport of Gases
  • Regulation of Respiration
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Chapter 15: Body Fluids and Circulation

Blood, lymph, heart structure, and cardiac cycle.

Key Topics:

  • Blood and Lymph
  • Circulatory Pathways
  • Cardiac Cycle and ECG
  • Double Circulation
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Chapter 16: Excretory Products and their Elimination

Kidney structure, urine formation, and osmoregulation.

Key Topics:

  • Human Excretory System
  • Urine Formation
  • Mechanism of Concentration of Filtrate
  • Regulation of Kidney Function
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Chapter 17: Locomotion and Movement

Types of movement, muscle contraction, and skeletal system.

Key Topics:

  • Types of Movement
  • Muscle and its Contraction
  • Skeletal System
  • Joints
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Chapter 18: Neural Control and Coordination

Nervous system, neuron structure, and reflex action.

Key Topics:

  • Human Neural System
  • Neuron as Structural and Functional Unit
  • Central Neural System
  • Reflex Action
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Chapter 19: Chemical Coordination and Integration

Endocrine glands, hormones, and their functions.

Key Topics:

  • Endocrine Glands and Hormones
  • Human Endocrine System
  • Hormones of Heart, Kidney and GI Tract
  • Mechanism of Hormone Action
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