Internet of Things (IoT)

Complete Unit-wise notes following BCA Semester 4 syllabus

Unit 1: Introduction to Internet of Things

Explore the foundational concepts of IoT, its evolution, architecture, and understand how connected devices and sensors are transforming the digital world.

Key Topics:

  • Definition and Meaning of Internet of Things (IoT)
  • Evolution and History of IoT
  • IoT Architecture and Components
  • IoT Ecosystem and Network Topology
  • Characteristics and Features of IoT Systems
  • Applications of IoT in Various Domains
  • IoT vs M2M (Machine to Machine) Communication
  • Sensors and Actuators in IoT
  • IoT Connectivity and Communication Protocols
  • Challenges and Issues in IoT Implementation
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Unit 2: IoT Architecture and Communication Protocols

Learn about the layered architecture of IoT systems, various communication protocols, networking technologies, and data management in IoT environments.

Key Topics:

  • IoT Reference Architecture and Layers
  • Perception Layer, Network Layer, and Application Layer
  • Communication Protocols – HTTP, MQTT, CoAP, AMQP
  • IoT Network Technologies – Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, LoRaWAN
  • Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
  • RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
  • NFC (Near Field Communication)
  • 6LoWPAN (IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks)
  • IoT Data Management and Storage
  • Cloud Computing in IoT
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Unit 3: IoT Platforms and Development

Discover popular IoT platforms, hardware components like Arduino and Raspberry Pi, programming for IoT devices, and hands-on development of IoT applications.

Key Topics:

  • IoT Platforms – AWS IoT, Azure IoT, Google Cloud IoT
  • Arduino Platform – Architecture and Programming
  • Raspberry Pi – Setup and Configuration
  • Sensors Integration – Temperature, Humidity, Motion, Light
  • Actuators and Controlling Devices
  • IoT Development Boards – NodeMCU, ESP8266, ESP32
  • Programming Languages for IoT – Python, C/C++, JavaScript
  • IoT Application Development Life Cycle
  • Data Collection and Processing in IoT
  • Real-Time Monitoring and Control Systems
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Unit 4: IoT Security and Advanced Applications

Understand IoT security challenges, encryption techniques, authentication mechanisms, and explore advanced IoT applications in smart cities, healthcare, and industry.

Key Topics:

  • IoT Security Challenges and Threats
  • Authentication and Authorization in IoT
  • Encryption Techniques – Symmetric and Asymmetric
  • Secure Communication Protocols – TLS/SSL, DTLS
  • Privacy Concerns in IoT Systems
  • Blockchain in IoT Security
  • Smart Home and Home Automation
  • Smart Cities – Traffic Management, Waste Management
  • Industrial IoT (IIoT) – Industry 4.0
  • Healthcare IoT – Wearable Devices, Remote Monitoring
  • Agriculture IoT – Smart Farming
  • Future Trends and Emerging Technologies in IoT
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