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Data Communication and Network

Complete Unit-wise notes following Syllabus

Unit 1: Introduction to Data Communication and Computer Networks

Understand the fundamentals of data communication, transmission methods, transmission media, and computer network types. Learn about different transmission modes, topologies, and communication systems.

Key Topics:

  • Basic Data Communication System – Data, Signaling, and Transmission System
  • Synchronous and Asynchronous Transmission
  • Transmission Modes – Serial and Parallel
  • Transmission Types – Simplex, Half Duplex, and Full Duplex
  • Transmission Media – Guided and Unguided
  • Introduction to Computer Networks – Definition and Importance
  • Goals and Applications of Computer Networks
  • Types of Networks – PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN
  • Types of Topologies – Point-to-Point, Multipoint, Centralized, Distributed, and Collaborative
  • Types of Data Communication Systems – Wired and Wireless Communication
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Unit 2: Network Connections and Architecture

Learn about internet types, bandwidth and capacity formulas, network architectures, layered approaches, and standard models like OSI and TCP/IP. Understand multiplexing and switching techniques used in communication systems.

Key Topics:

  • Introduction to Internet, Intranet, Extranet, and VPNs
  • Bandwidth, Band, and Channel Capacity
  • Nyquist Capacity and Shannon Capacity Formulas
  • Network Architecture – Monolithic vs. Layered Approach
  • Design Issues of Layered Approach
  • Services, Interfaces, Standards, and Protocols
  • ISO-OSI Reference Model
  • TCP/IP Reference Model
  • Multiplexing Techniques – SDM, FDM, TDM, WDM
  • Switching Techniques – Circuit, Message, and Packet Switching (Including PSTN & ISDN)
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Unit 3: Data Link, Network, and Transport Layers

Data Link, Network, and Transport Layers: Learn about framing, error detection, and correction techniques. Understand network routing, IP addressing, and transport layer mechanisms such as connection management, flow control, and transport protocols.

Key Topics:

  • Framing and Error Control – VRC, LRC, CRC, Checksum
  • Flow Control and Error Correction – Hamming Code
  • LLC and MAC Sublayers
  • Data Link Layer Protocols – Stop and Wait, Sliding Window, Go-Back-N
  • LAN Protocols – IEEE Standards, Frame Relay, ATM, Cell Relay
  • Network Layer Functions – Routing, Congestion Control, QoS, and Internetworking
  • Routing Algorithms – Distance Vector and Link State
  • IP Addressing – IPv4 and IPv6
  • Transport Layer Concepts – Connection Management, Segmentation, Flow and Error Control
  • Transport Protocols – TCP (Connection-oriented) and UDP (Connection-less)
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Unit 4: Upper Layers and Network Applications

Upper Layers and Network Applications: Understand the functions of session, presentation, and application layers in network communication. Learn about encryption, data compression, web-based protocols, and quality of service in modern networks.

Key Topics:

  • Session Layer – Logical Session Management and Token Management
  • Synchronization, Event Management, and Exception Handling
  • Presentation Layer – Data Presentation, Compression, and Encryption
  • Data Compression Techniques – Text, Image, Audio, Video
  • Cryptography – Basics, Symmetric and Asymmetric Encryption
  • Private Key and Public Key Encryption
  • Application Layer Protocols – HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, Telnet, DNS, Email System
  • Internet Browser and Web-based Communication
  • Quality of Service (QoS) in Upper Layers
  • Overview of End-to-End Communication in OSI and TCP/IP Models
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