Programming In C | BCA Semester 2

Unit 1: Introduction to Programming in C

Learn the evolution of programming languages, approaches to problem-solving, fundamentals of C programming, data types, operators, control statements, and basic coding concepts.

Key Topics:

Evolution of Programming Languages
Programming Approaches (Top-down & Bottom-up)
Algorithms and Flowcharts
Source Code, Object Code, and Executable File
Basic Structure of a C Program
Data Types in C (Primitive, Derived, User-defined)
Operators and Expressions
Tokens in C (Variables, Constants, Identifiers, etc.)
Type Conversion and Typecasting
Control Statements (Decision, Looping & Jump Statements)

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Unit 2: Arrays and Strings in C

Understand array declaration, initialization, and operations such as insertion, deletion, searching, and sorting. Learn about character arrays, strings, and string handling functions used in C programming.

Key Topics:

Introduction to Arrays
Declaration and Initialization of Arrays
Types of Arrays (1D & 2D Arrays)
Address Calculation of Array Elements
Insertion and Deletion in Arrays
Searching Techniques (Linear & Binary Search)
Sorting Techniques (Bubble, Selection, Insertion Sort)
Introduction to Character Arrays and Strings
String Input and Output Operations
String Handling Functions (strcat(), strcmp(), strcpy(), strlen())

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Unit 3: Functions, Pointers, and Structures in C

Functions, Pointers, and Structures in C: Learn about defining and using functions, passing parameters, pointer concepts, and structured data types. Understand memory management, function calls, and relationships between pointers, arrays, and structures.

Key Topics:

Introduction to Functions and User-Defined Functions
Function Declaration and Definition
Function Arguments – Actual and Formal Parameters
Function Calling Methods – Call by Value & Call by Reference
Passing Arrays as Function Parameters
Storage Classes in C
Introduction to Pointers and Pointer Arithmetic
Pointers with Arrays and Strings
Structures, Unions, and Their Arrays
Pointers with Structures and Enumerations

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Unit 4: File Handling and Preprocessor Directives in C

File Handling and Preprocessor in C: Learn how to work with files for reading, writing, and managing data. Understand file modes, command line arguments, and preprocessor directives used to enhance program functionality and modularity.

Key Topics:

Opening and Closing a File
File Opening Modes (Read, Write, Append, etc.)
Reading from and Writing to a File
Copying Contents from One File to Another
File Handling Library Functions
Command Line Arguments
Introduction to Preprocessor Directives
Common Header Files in C (stdio.h, conio.h, math.h, stdlib.h)
Additional Header Files (setjmp.h, signal.h, time.h, stdarg.h, graphics.h)

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