Home / College / BCA / Semester 2 / Programming In C

Operating System

Complete Unit-wise notes following Syllabus

Unit 1: Introduction and Process Management

Understand the fundamental concepts of operating systems, their functions, types, structures, and process management. Learn how processes are created, scheduled, and executed using different scheduling algorithms and techniques.

Key Topics:

  • Introduction to Operating System and Its Functions
  • System Components, System Calls, and System Programs
  • Types of Operating Systems
  • Operating System Structures – Simple, Layered, Microkernel, and Exokernel Models
  • Concept of Virtual Machines
  • Introduction to Processes – Process States and Process Control Block (PCB)
  • Process Scheduling – Queues, Schedulers, Context Switching, and Objectives
  • Scheduling Criteria and Scheduling Algorithms (FCFS, SJF, Round Robin, Priority)
  • Advanced Scheduling – Multiprocessor, Real-Time, and Multilevel Feedback Queue Scheduling
  • Threads – Concept, Benefits, and Implementation
View Complete Notes
Unit 2: Process Synchronization and Deadlocks

Explore the concepts of synchronization in operating systems, including process coordination, critical sections, semaphores, and classical problems. Understand deadlock conditions, detection, prevention, and recovery techniques.

Key Topics:

  • Introduction to Process Synchronization
  • Critical Section Problem and Its Requirements
  • Peterson’s Solution for Synchronization
  • Semaphores – Definition, Types, and Usage
  • Classical Synchronization Problems – Producer-Consumer Problem
  • Readers–Writers Problem and Dining Philosophers Problem
  • Deadlock System Model and Concept
  • Deadlock Characterization – Necessary Conditions & Resource Allocation Graph
  • Deadlock Handling Methods – Prevention and Avoidance
  • Deadlock Algorithms – Resource Allocation Graph Algorithm, Banker’s Algorithm, Detection & Recovery
View Complete Notes
Unit 3: Memory Management

Understand how memory is managed in an operating system through allocation, paging, segmentation, and virtual memory concepts. Learn various page replacement policies and causes of thrashing.

Key Topics:

  • Introduction to Memory Management and Its Strategies
  • Address Binding, Logical and Physical Address Space
  • Dynamic Linking and Loading Concepts
  • Swapping and Its Mechanism
  • Contiguous and Non-Contiguous Memory Allocation
  • Paging and Segmentation Techniques
  • Virtual Memory Management and Demand Paging
  • Page Replacement Policies – FIFO, LRU, Optimal, Counting-Based
  • Frame Allocation – Minimum Number of Frames, Allocation Algorithms, Global vs Local Allocation
  • Thrashing – Causes, Effects, and Working Set Model
View Complete Notes
Unit 4: Storage Management

Study the concepts of storage, file systems, and disk management. Learn about file access methods, allocation techniques, directory structures, and various disk scheduling algorithms for optimized performance.

Key Topics:

  • Introduction to Storage and File Management
  • File Concept – Attributes, Operations, Types, and Structure
  • File Access Methods – Sequential and Direct Access
  • Directory Structure and Organization
  • File System Implementation and Structure
  • File Allocation Methods – Contiguous, Linked, and Indexed
  • Free Space Management Techniques
  • Secondary Storage Structure and Disk Organization
  • Disk Scheduling Algorithms – FCFS, SSTF, SCAN, C-SCAN, LOOK, C-LOOK
  • Disk Management and Optimization Techniques
View Complete Notes