Environment and Ecological Sustainability

Understand the basic concepts of environment, its components, and ecological systems. Learn about the interrelationship between atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere along with their importance and challenges.

Key Topics:

• Introduction to Environment – Definition, Scope, and Importance
• Segments of Environment – Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere, and Biosphere
• Atmosphere – Composition, Characteristics, Temperature Behavior, and Stability
• Climate Change – Causes and Effects
• Hydrosphere – Water Distribution and Importance
• Lithosphere – Structure and Composition
• Ecology and Ecosystem – Concept, Structure, and Functions
• Energy Flow in Ecosystems – Food Chain, Food Web, and Types of Ecosystems
• Ecological Pyramids and Material Cycles – Nitrogen and Carbon Cycles
• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) – Concept, Elements, Methods, and Benefits

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Explore the types of natural resources, their management, and sustainable utilization. Understand the role of water, forests, minerals, and energy in environmental balance.

Key Topics:

• Natural Resources – Definition and Types
• Water Resources and Water Crisis
• Waterborne Diseases and Rainwater Harvesting
• Forest Resources and Deforestation
• Food Resources and Food Security
• Mineral Resources and Environmental Impact
• Energy Resources – Conventional & Non-Conventional
• Sustainable Development and Conservation
• Equitable Use of Resources & Common Property Resources
• Environmental Management System (EMS)

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Gain knowledge of various types of pollution, their sources, and control measures. Learn about waste management, disaster management, and the laws protecting the environment.

Key Topics:

• Environmental Pollution – Definition and Types
• Air, Water, and Soil Pollution – Causes, Effects, and Control
• Noise Pollution – Sources, Measurement, and Control
• Impact of Noise on Human Health
• Population Growth and Logistic Growth Curve
• Climate Change, Global Warming, Acid Rain, and Ozone Depletion
• Wastewater Treatment and Solid Waste Management
• Natural Disasters and Their Management
• Environmental Protection Laws and Acts (EPA, Air Act, Water Act)
• Environmental Awareness, Role of NGOs, and Sustainability

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