Web Designing

Complete Unit-wise notes following Syllabus

Unit 1: Introduction to Digital Electronics

Introduction to Digital Electronics: Number System, Boolean Algebra, Minimization of Boolean Expressions using K-Map; Logic Gates and implementation of logic functions; Combinational and Sequential Circuits.

Key Topics:

  • Number System: Binary, Octal, Decimal, Hexadecimal
  • Boolean Algebra
  • K-Map - Minimization of Boolean Expressions
  • Logic Gates & Implementation of Logic Functions
  • Combinational Circuits
  • Adders & Subtractors
  • Multiplexer & De-Multiplexer
  • Decoder
  • Sequential Circuits
  • Flip-Flops: Types & Excitation Table
  • Registers - Introduction & Classification
  • Counters - Synchronous & Asynchronous
View Complete Notes
Unit 2: Register Transfer and Micro-Operations

Register Transfer and Micro-operations: Register Transfer Language, Bus and Memory Transfer, Arithmetic, Logical and Shift Micro-operations, Arithmetic Logic Shift Unit, Timing and Control, Instruction Codes and Formats, Instruction Cycle, CPU Organization and Addressing Modes.

Key Topics:

  • Register Transfer Language (RTL)
  • Bus and Memory Transfer
  • Arithmetic, Logical & Shift Micro-operations
  • Arithmetic Logic Shift Unit (ALSU)
  • Timing and Control
  • Instruction Codes
  • Instruction Format
  • Instruction Cycle
  • CPU Organization
  • Accumulator-Based Organization
  • General Register Organization
  • Stack Organization
  • Addressing Modes
  • RISC vs CISC Architecture
  • Hardwired & Microprogrammed Control Unit
View Complete Notes
Unit 3: Input/Output Organization

I/O Organization: Introduction to system buses, Input/Output interfaces, Interrupts and their types, Serial and Parallel communication methods, I/O Processor, Synchronous and Asynchronous data transfer techniques, Strobe and Handshaking methods, Modes of data transfer including Programmed I/O, Interrupt initiated I/O, and Direct Memory Access (DMA).

Key Topics:

  • System Buses
  • Input/Output Interface
  • Interrupts & Types of Interrupts
  • Serial vs Parallel Communication
  • I/O Processor
  • Synchronous Data Transfer
  • Asynchronous Data Transfer
  • Strobe Control
  • Handshaking Method
  • Modes of Data Transfer
  • Programmed I/O
  • Interrupt Initiated I/O
  • DMA (Direct Memory Access)
  • DMA Controller
  • DMA Transfer
View Complete Notes
Unit 4: Memory Organization

Memory Organization: Memory hierarchy, Main Memory structure including RAM and ROM chips, concept of address space and memory space, address mapping, auxiliary memory, cache memory organization, and various cache mapping techniques such as direct, associative, and set associative mapping, along with associative memory concepts.

Key Topics:

  • Memory Hierarchy
  • Main Memory
  • RAM Chips
  • ROM Chips
  • Address Space & Memory Space
  • Address Mapping
  • Auxiliary Memory
  • Cache Memory
  • Direct Mapping
  • Associative Mapping
  • Set Associative Mapping
  • Associative Memory
View Complete Notes